Michigan (MI) data center power coverage
Real, sourced large-load tariff and interconnection research on file for Michigan — never inferred, never scraped, never implied beyond what's actually been checked.
Large-load tariffs
Consumers Energy (Rate GPD large-load / data center provision)
Threshold100 MW or greater; or an aggregate of 100 MW under common ownership where each site is 20 MW or more
StatusMPSC order in Case U-21859 (Nov 6, 2025). Eligibility is end-use neutral (not limited to data centers) and has no load-factor requirement. Contract term of 15 years, starting after a ramp-up period of up to 5 years (negotiated), with automatic 5-year evergreen contract extensions. Minimum Billing Demand (MBD) of 80% of contracted on-peak demand, transmission, and max demand charges, starting at the end of the ramp-up, regardless of actual usage. Exit fee equals the MBD multiplied by the number of months remaining on the contract term (plus any stranded asset costs), applicable during the ramp-up, the contract term, and any extension if notice has not been given. Four years' written notice to exit or to reduce contracted capacity; one discretionary reduction of up to 10% of contracted capacity is allowed with that notice and does not need Commission approval. Default collateral is 50% of total minimum monthly charges multiplied by the months remaining on the contract (that is, half of the exit fee), recalculated annually; Consumers may seek a different amount case by case based on creditworthiness. A $100,000 upfront fee for project proposals, reconciled to actual cost with no cap, due before Consumers performs the studies. Consumers must file tariff sheets within 30 days of the order and report annually.
Contract term15 years after the ramp
RampUp to 5 years
Take-or-pay (minimum bill)80% of contract capacity billed monthly whether used or not
CollateralNot stated in the filings we read
Exit feeRemaining minimum bills for the rest of the term
Notice to reduce or end48 months
Time to powerNot stated in the filings we read
SourceMPSC order, Case No. U-21859 (issued Nov 6, 2025, 129 pages, read in full): https://adms.apps.lara.state.mi.us/Mpsc/ViewCommissionOrderDocument/27293
DTE Electric (special contract, not a generic tariff)
ThresholdNo generic threshold -- this is a one-off special contract for a specific ~1.4 GW customer (Green Chile Ventures LLC / Oracle), not a tariff schedule other customers can qualify under
StatusMPSC Case U-21990: a Dec 18, 2025 order conditionally approved DTE's Primary Supply Agreement (PSA) and Energy Storage Agreement (ESA) with Green Chile Ventures LLC (an Oracle Corp. subsidiary) for a data center near Saline Township -- approval was conditioned on DTE accepting responsibility for any of its own costs to serve the customer that DTE cannot recover from Green Chile Ventures, and on updating emergency load-shedding procedures so the data center's load is curtailed before other DTE customers' service in an energy emergency; DTE accepted both conditions Jan 15, 2026. Primary-source-verified (read in full): the ESA separately authorizes DTE to deploy 1.383 GW of energy storage, fully funded by the customer, with cost recovery for those storage assets deferred to a future rate case; a March 27, 2026 order approved the first 332 MW tranche of that storage (3 company-owned projects), commercial operation expected by Q2 2027. News/press-release reporting (not independently confirmed from the Dec 18 order's own text): overall PSA scale of roughly 1.4 GW, a term extending to February 2045, and minimum-monthly-charge/termination-fee provisions -- exact MBD percentage and notice-period figures are NOT confirmed and should not be assumed to match Consumers Energy's Rate GPD terms above. Michigan's Attorney General petitioned for rehearing in Jan 2026 opposing the ex parte (no contested-case hearing) approval process; that petition's outcome was not independently confirmed here.
SourceMPSC order, Case No. U-21990 (issued March 27, 2026, read in full): https://adms.apps.lara.state.mi.us/Mpsc/ViewCommissionOrderDocument/27397 ; Dec 18, 2025 order and conditions cited therein (pp. 7, 37-45) but not independently fetched; news corroboration: michigan.gov MPSC press releases (Nov 18 2025, Dec 18 2025) and Michigan AG press release (Jan 9 2026).
Interconnection & regulatory guidance
Michigan — no statewide law enacted yet; real bipartisan proposals and a stated gubernatorial position on file
Contact guidanceConsumers Energy has its own detailed entry (the first MPSC-approved data-center tariff provisions in the state) if it serves the site -- this entry exists to record real statewide political context, not an adopted statewide rule.
ThresholdNot applicable -- nothing statewide is enacted yet.
ProcessAs of this research: Michigan House members from both parties introduced bills in July 2026 to establish statewide data-center development standards, and separate moratorium proposals (also bipartisan) would pause data-center development until April 1, 2027. Gov. Whitmer rolled out her own data-center plan aimed at protecting ratepayers, explicitly stating she would not sign a moratorium but does support regulation. None of this had passed into law as of this research -- confirm current status directly before relying on any of it.
SourceMichigan Advance (michiganadvance.com) coverage of the House bills, Senate Democrats' regulation package, and Gov. Whitmer's plan; MPSC's own approval of Consumers Energy's tariff provisions (covered separately in that utility's own entry).
Land-constraint screening
Every Kill Test automatically screens against 6 nationwide land-constraint layers, Michigan included — no state-by-state gaps here.
FEMA Flood ZoneNearby WetlandsProtected / Conservation LandCritical HabitatSeismic HazardTribal Land
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