What a data center has to get permitted, state by state.

In Alabama a data center generally needs an ADEM air permit before operating generators or other equipment, NPDES construction stormwater coverage at one acre, and a water Certificate of Use if it can withdraw 100,000 gallons per day or more. A state law effective October 1, 2026 puts power contracts for large data centers (150 MW or more at peak in Alabama Power territory) under Public Service Commission review.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• Law effective Oct. 1, 2026: PSC review of large-load data center contracts for loads of 150 MW or more at peak in Alabama Power territory (reported by Fox 10).
• Act 2026-573 changes Chapter 9B abatement requirements for data processing centers granted abatements on or after Jan 1, 2027 (Alabama Department of Revenue; specifics not yet posted on the page).

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Air-permit construction-exemption list for emergency generators (335-3-14-.01(5)) is still not published in the rule text itself. Read directly instead: ADEM's separate major-source operating-permit rule (335-3-16-.01(o)) defines a general 'insignificant activity' threshold -- potential to emit under 5 tons/year of any criteria pollutant, or under 1,000 lb/year of an Appendix G pollutant -- but that governs what must be listed in an operating permit, not the construction-permit exemption asked about here, so it does not resolve this gap.
• Wastewater/pretreatment, wetlands/401, and the details of Act 2026-573 and the PSC review rules were not confirmed from primary sources.
• Local zoning and building review vary by city and county and were not researched.

Checked 2026-11-06.

In Arkansas the state environmental gates are ADEQ air permitting for on-site generation (with an insignificant-activities provision for limited emergency generators), construction stormwater coverage under ADEQ's general permit, and registration and reporting of larger groundwater and surface water withdrawals. Utility service and any new generation are overseen by the Public Service Commission, and the state sales and use tax exemption for data centers was expanded in 2025 with investment and compensation conditions.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• HB 1444 (2025), Act 548: expanded the data center sales and use tax exemption, lowering the qualified data center investment minimum to $100,000,000 and adding a qualified large data center category at $2,000,000,000 (engrossed text read).
• 2026 fiscal session: six data center resolutions (SR7 to SR12) by Sen. Bryan King, including notice to regulators six months before buying land and state monitoring of water use, did not gain enough votes to be considered (University of Arkansas Extension summary). They may be reintroduced in 2027.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• ADEQ air permit thresholds and the current Regulation 18 and 19 text for generators and turbines were not confirmed; the Appendix A copy is a 2019 SIP version.
• Local zoning, county moratoria and city ordinances (reported in news) vary and were not confirmed from primary sources.
• Whether Entergy Arkansas or other utilities have a filed large-load tariff was not confirmed.
• Wastewater and pretreatment requirements were not researched from a primary source.
• The enrolled text of Act 548 and its administering-agency provisions were not read.

Checked 2026-11-05.

A new Arizona data center typically needs a local zoning and site plan approval, an air permit for its generators (ADEQ or the delegated county, for example Maricopa County), construction stormwater coverage for sites of one acre or more, and a utility service agreement approved through the Arizona Corporation Commission process. Water supply is the main gating item in the Phoenix-area Active Management Area, where ADWR will not approve new groundwater-based Assured Water Supply determinations. The state sales tax incentive for new data centers is closed to new applications from July 1, 2026 through June 30, 2029.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• 2026 H.B. 4168 (Laws 2026, ch. 140), Sec. 31: enacted budget bill; Commerce Authority may not accept new computer data center tax relief applications under A.R.S. 41-1519 from July 1, 2026 through June 30, 2029 (confirmed from the chaptered law text).
• 2026 H.B. 2756 (utilities; high load factor customers), Laws 2026 ch. 111: enacted, approved June 4, 2026. Per the chaptered text: electric public service corporations file semiannual reports with the ACC on new extra high load factor customers (number of interconnection requests and completed interconnections); public power entities serving over one million connections report to their governing bodies; cooperatives and corporations with 40,000 or fewer connections are exempt from the ACC reporting. The ACC may set service terms for such customers lacking a tariff (minimum billing, contract length, early exit, collateral, customer-paid infrastructure) and may request cost-of-service studies. No numeric load threshold is in the text; the term is defined by the entity or the ACC. The new provisions and A.R.S. 40-207 are repealed after December 31, 2033.
• 2026 H.B. 2949 (require large data centers to cover energy costs): reported as introduced and not advanced (status from secondary reports, not confirmed on azleg.gov).
• 2026 H.B. 2026 (assured water supply; commingling) was vetoed April 13, 2026; it does not mention data centers.
• ACC docket E-00000A-25-0069 (large load users / data centers): workshop held April 16, 2026; discussion of a universal large load tariff plus energy service agreements; no final rule confirmed.
• News reports state the Arizona Attorney General asked for a data center pause in September 2026 and the Governor rejected a moratorium; no state moratorium law was confirmed.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Class I vs Class II outcome for a given site depends on potential-to-emit calculations and the county; major source thresholds were not confirmed here, and no air permit processing time was found.
• Whether a data center's on-site gas generation would qualify as a CEC power plant depends on per-unit nameplate rating (100 MW); the 2024 UniSource multi-unit dispute over this reading was not resolved from sources opened.
• ADWR actions specific to data centers (and how data centers are classed under AMA industrial rules) were not found; ADWR and ADEQ pages blocked automated access (403).
• No state environmental review statute was identified; not confirmed that none exists.
• ADWR's Phoenix AMA Assured Water Supply statement (no new groundwater-based determinations) is not confirmed from an opened primary page; ADWR pages return 403.
• Section 401 timing and fees, AZPDES surface-discharge basics (A.R.S. 49-255), county zoning (Title 11), building/fire code adoption, and sewer pretreatment rules were not confirmed from opened pages.
• The APS rate case outcome on extra high load factor rates (Commission vote due by December 31, 2026) is unconfirmed.

Checked 2026-11-05.

In California a new data center is normally approved by a city or county through a discretionary process that triggers CEQA review, with backup generators permitted by the local air district and construction stormwater and any wetland impacts handled through the Water Boards. A package of data center bills was reported signed in September 2026 (law firm report only; bill text was not opened), which would add CEQA, utility tariff and water disclosure requirements.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• Reported by Mayer Brown (September 2026 article, bill text not opened): Governor signed seven data center bills on September 21, 2026: SB 887 (removes categorical CEQA exemptions for data centers), AB 1577 (energy and sound reporting), AB 2619 and AB 2469 (water use reporting and, from January 1, 2028, a water-supply assessment and scarcity plan), SB 886 and AB 2383 (CPUC tariffs by January 1, 2028 so data centers pay interconnection and generation costs), SB 1168 (rate structure assessment). Verify against the chaptered text before relying on it.
• Reported by Morgan Lewis (January 2026): SB 57, signed October 2025, is a study of cost shifts by the CPUC rather than a tariff mandate.
• Reported by Mayer Brown: Los Angeles County has a temporary ban on data center development in unincorporated areas while it considers a permanent prohibition.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Chaptered text, chapter numbers, thresholds and effective dates of the 2026 bills were not read.
• Local air district permit procedures vary by district and were not confirmed.
• CPUC/CAISO interconnection, local zoning, water supply and any tax incentives were not sourced.

Checked 2026-11-05.

A Colorado data center is mainly gated by local land use approval (county or city, which may include a moratorium; Denver has a 12-month pause on new data center permits), a CDPHE Air Pollution Control Division air permit/APEN for backup generators, a water supply path (municipal tap, or a well permit/water right under prior appropriation), and construction stormwater coverage. Colorado has no state data-center siting law and no state data-center tax incentive; the 2026 incentive bill (HB26-1030) and the regulation bill (SB26-102) both failed. CDPHE agency pages and the state air regulation text could not be opened in this check, so the air and stormwater items remain partial.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• HB26-1030 (2026): data center development authority and sales/use tax exemption for certified data centers. Lost; postponed indefinitely 05/07/2026 (11-2).
• SB26-102 (2026, Sen. Kipp and Rep. Brown), Large-Load Data Centers: would have set requirements for facilities adding more than 30 MW of peak load (or multiple facilities over 60 MW combined), including renewable matching from 2031, utility up-front payment or 15-year contract conditions, and local siting model codes. Lost; Senate committee postponed it indefinitely 05/11/2026 (9-0), per the legislature's bill page.
• Denver: City Council unanimously approved a 12-month moratorium on new data center permits and site development plan applications, effective May 21, 2026 (Denver Gazette, GovTech). Opened news pages gave no bill number or tally.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• CDPHE and Colorado Newsline pages returned HTTP 403, and state regulation text hosts did not open, so air thresholds (APEN levels, the 250-hour emergency generator exemption wording, major-source thresholds), COR400000 terms and permit processing times are from search-result excerpts only.
• Colorado 401 certification procedures and CDPS application details not confirmed.
• Whether a given well is exempt from permitting, and DWR's current augmentation guidance, not confirmed.
• PUC large-load tariff proceedings not confirmed.
• State-adopted building codes, other local moratoria (outside Denver) and pretreatment/post-construction stormwater rules vary by locality and were not verified.

Checked 2026-11-05.

In Connecticut the main state-level gating items found are DEEP air handling of emergency engines (an exemption path limited to 300 hours per year, or an individual permit), DEEP construction stormwater coverage that turns on acreage and whether a local commission approves the project, and a DEEP water diversion program for withdrawals of 50,000 gallons or more in 24 hours. Local planning and zoning approval is central, and the governor said in September 2026 that the state is the wrong place for massive data centers; no statewide data center moratorium or new law was confirmed.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• Reported by WSHU (Sept. 7, 2026): Gov. Lamont said Connecticut is the wrong place for massive data centers, would first want PURA review of any self-powered proposals, and affirmed towns' planning and zoning authority; the article describes no moratorium or new law.
• Reported by WSHU: the state opened data center tax incentives in 2021 and has since pulled back after few takers; the article names a sales tax rebate to Cigna for its Windsor data center. Program terms were not read from an official source.
• Reported by news: a 2026 bill (HB 5469, large electric load customers and colocated suppliers) was listed as dead on a bill tracking page; status not confirmed from the General Assembly site.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• PURA large-load tariff or interconnection requirements were not confirmed.
• Connecticut Siting Council jurisdiction over on-site generation or a data center depends on the facility and site (a Millstone petition was reported by news); not confirmed from a primary page.
• Inland wetlands permitting (local commission), Connecticut Environmental Policy Act, and Section 401 not researched.
• Data center sales tax exemption or incentive terms not confirmed.
• Wastewater/pretreatment and building rules not researched.

Checked 2026-11-05.

In Delaware the sharpest gating issue is the Coastal Zone Act: DNREC's February 2026 status decision found a 516-generator data center campus in New Castle County prohibited there. Elsewhere, a project needs a DNREC Regulation 1102 air permit for non-emergency generators or emergency generators over 450 kW, a water allocation permit above 50,000 gpd (plus DRBC approval over 100,000 gpd in the basin), sediment and stormwater plan approval, and service under a PSC large-load tariff that is still being developed for loads of 25 MW or more.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• DNREC Coastal Zone Act Status Decision, Feb. 3, 2026: Project Washington (Starwood Digital Ventures) prohibited in the Coastal Zone; news outlets (Delaware Public Media, WDEL) report that a review board later upheld the decision and the developer says it will proceed; those articles were not opened.
• PSC large load tariff docket and Delmarva interconnection pause (25 MW threshold), opened September 2025.
• Reported by Spotlight Delaware (June 8, 2026): HB 233 (large-load tariff and service agreement requirements, merged with SB 205) had passed committee; HB 445 (data centers to produce 25% of in-state energy used at start of operations) had not been debated. Final status unconfirmed.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Final status of HB 233, SB 205 and HB 445 after June 2026.
• Text of 7 DE Admin Code 5101 and NPDES construction general permit coverage and thresholds not opened.
• Wetlands, subaqueous lands, Section 401 and Coastal Zone permit pathways for non-prohibited uses not researched.
• County land use approvals (New Castle, Kent, Sussex) not researched.
• Delaware data center sales tax or incentive terms not researched; wastewater and building rules not researched.

Checked 2026-11-05.

Florida enacted a 2026 data center law (CS/CS SB 484) that creates a large-load utility tariff regime at the Public Service Commission and a separate, stricter water consumptive use permit track for large-scale data centers (50 MW or more). Beyond that, a new data center still needs the usual air, stormwater, environmental resource and local land-use approvals. Local governments keep planning and zoning authority.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• CS/CS SB 484 (2026): large load tariffs at the PSC (50 MW threshold), anti-splitting, foreign-entity service bar, filing deadline of October 1, 2026 for each public utility, and a separate large-scale data center water permit track (enrolled text read). News reports (News4Jax, Capitolist) describe it as signed in May 2026 and effective July 1, 2026; the enrolled text itself gives effective dates by section.
• SB 484 limits the confidentiality extension under s. 288.075(2)(a)2. for information relating to data centers; it does not by itself ban NDAs per the text read.
• SB 484 directs an OPPAGA study due July 1, 2027.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Final PSC-approved tariff terms for each utility (filings were due October 1, 2026) were not reviewed.
• Emergency-generator air treatment, groundwater discharge and sewer pretreatment rules were not confirmed.
• Sales tax exemption/incentive status for data centers was not sourced.

Checked 2026-11-05.

In Georgia a data center typically needs a state air permit to construct (backup generators are usually the driver), construction stormwater coverage, a water supply and wastewater path, and local zoning. For loads above 100 MW served by Georgia Power, a PSC-approved rule allows special contract terms and PSC review of the contract.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• PSC rule approved Jan 23, 2025: Georgia Power may bill new customers over 100 MW under special terms, and such contracts go to the PSC (PSC news release).
• 2026 session bills introduced (per Alston & Bird, Feb 2026): SB 408 (end exemption Jan 1, 2027), SB 410 (end exemption on effectiveness), SB 436 (suspend new exemption certificates July 1, 2026 to June 30, 2027), HB 559 (sunset Dec 31, 2026), HB 1012 (pause data center construction until March 1, 2027). These were introduced bills; final outcomes were not confirmed from a primary source.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Final outcome of 2026 data center bills not confirmed from a primary source.
• Local zoning procedure and county-specific data center ordinances not confirmed; they vary by county.
• Wetlands/401 role, building permits, and the PSC December 2025 generation certification order were not opened.

Checked 2026-11-05.

In Iowa the confirmed state-level gates for a new data center are Iowa DNR construction stormwater authorization (General Permit No. 2) for sites disturbing one acre or more, a DNR water use permit for withdrawals above 25,000 gallons per day, and a DNR air quality construction permit for any backup/emergency generator rated 400 brake horsepower or more. Iowa's Department of Revenue runs a tiered sales and use tax exemption or refund program for data centers, with registration and annual reporting for the $200 million tier. Utility large-load rules and several other categories could not be confirmed from primary sources.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• The Iowa Department of Revenue page above reflects a 2025 change: backup fuel and electricity exemption duration differs depending on whether operations began before or after June 6, 2025, and large data centers must file annual reports on backup generation fuel and electricity purchased.
• HF 2447 (introduced, per the Iowa Legislature's LGI document): would require data center water usage reports to the DNR, energy usage reports to the Iowa Utilities Commission, and a separate data center tariff classification, and would bar building or expanding a data center until the utility has filed the tariff. The document shows only the introduced version; status not confirmed.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Air: 567 IAC 22.1's 400 hp construction-permit threshold is confirmed, but whether a bank of multiple smaller backup generators could be aggregated into one 'major source' requiring a Title V permit was not researched.
• Iowa Utilities Commission requirements for large loads and utility tariffs were not confirmed; MidAmerican and Alliant territory arrangements not researched.
• Wetlands / Section 401, wastewater discharge and pretreatment not researched.
• Iowa has no general state environmental review act confirmed here.
• Local zoning and county approvals vary; not sourced.
• The 25,000 gallons per day water use permit trigger is from news, not the rule text.

Checked 2026-11-06.

Idaho's water rules are the most distinctive gate: a 2026 law (HB 895) bars data centers that begin construction on or after July 1, 2026 from using water for cooling as a consumptive use unless it comes from a municipal, water district, or water and sewer district system. Air permitting turns on DEQ's permit-to-construct exemptions, which cover emergency-only engines operated under 500 hours a year, and construction stormwater needs IPDES coverage. The state sales tax exemption requires a $250 million investment and 30 new jobs.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• HB 895 (2026), signed April 2, 2026, effective July 1, 2026: new Idaho Code 42-252 limits consumptive cooling water use by data centers that begin construction on or after July 1, 2026 to water supplied by a municipal, water district, or water and sewer district system (bill text and legislature status page read).
• HB 756 (2026): large-load ratepayer protection bill with a 20 MW definition; only introduction was shown on the legislature page, so enactment is unconfirmed.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Local land use (Local Land Use Planning Act, county and city zoning, conditional use) not sourced.
• Wastewater and pretreatment, 401 and wetlands, and any Idaho Power large-load tariff or special-contract threshold not confirmed from primary sources.
• Air rule edition read is from 2023; later amendments not checked.
• Whether HB 756 or any other large-load statute was enacted is unconfirmed.

Checked 2026-11-05.

A new Illinois data center needs Illinois EPA air permitting for backup generators (with new generator-standard requirements for applications from December 1, 2026, per an industry summary), ILR10 construction stormwater coverage for sites of one acre or more, and utility service arrangements that in ComEd territory now involve large-load deposits. The state data center sales tax incentive stopped processing applications on July 1, 2026.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• SB 25 (Clean and Reliable Grid Affordability Act): ALL4 reports it was signed January 8, 2026 and includes data center backup generator standards for permit applications on or after December 1, 2026. Statute text not opened.
• DCEO paused processing of Data Center Investment Program applications as of July 1, 2026 (DCEO page).
• Reported by Capitol News Illinois (March 2026): ICC approved ComEd's higher large-load deposit framework and ordered a follow-up investigation.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Enacted SB 25 text and Illinois EPA rule text (35 Ill. Adm. Code 201.146 emergency generator exemption) not opened; the ilga.gov copy failed a certificate check.
• Water supply (Lake Michigan allocation, groundwater) and wastewater/NPDES/pretreatment requirements not confirmed.
• Section 401 / state wetlands role not confirmed.
• Local zoning, county and municipal approvals not sourced; Illinois has no general state environmental review act confirmed here.
• Whether the incentive pause was extended, or new data center legislation passed after June 2026, was not verified.

Checked 2026-11-05.

A new Indiana data center typically needs an IDEM air permit for its generators and cooling equipment, coverage under IDEM's Construction Stormwater General Permit before ground disturbance, and registration of any large water withdrawal with DNR. If the utility must build new supply for the load, the utility petitions the IURC under the 2025 large load law, which requires the customer to give financial assurances including reimbursement of at least 80% of allocable project costs.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• 2025 House Enrolled Act 1007 (HB 1007): large load customer petition process at the IURC with an 80% reimbursement requirement, per IC 8-1-7.9-22 text read on FindLaw.
• Reported by the Indiana Public Media / WBOI (April 2026): IDEM approved a request to add 140 emergency diesel generators, bringing a Fort Wayne data center campus to more than 175, plus added fuel storage tanks and cooling towers. IDEM said it cannot require alternative energy sources and cannot deny a permit over quality-of-life concerns or utility costs.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Emergency generator exemption horsepower limits in 326 IAC 2-1.1-3(e) were not read from the rule text.
• Cooling water discharge / NPDES and industrial pretreatment requirements not confirmed.
• Local zoning, site plan and building approvals vary by county and municipality; not sourced.
• IURC decision deadlines under the large load law were not found on the pages read.
• The Construction Stormwater General Permit showed an expiration of December 2026 in a search snippet only; confirm the current permit version and the NOI fee with IDEM.
• 2026 legislative changes to Indiana data center law were not verified.

Checked 2026-11-05.

Kansas gates for a new data center are a KDHE air construction permit or approval if on-site engines or turbines exceed the regulation's emission levels, KDHE construction stormwater authorization at one acre or more, and a chief engineer water right for any non-domestic water use not supplied by a utility. For electric service, Evergy's Kansas Large Load Power Service tariff (75 MW or more) was approved by the KCC in November 2025, and the state's SB 98 sales tax exemption carries investment, jobs, electricity-contract, water-plan and security-review conditions.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• SB 98 (2025): data center sales tax exemption, marked Signed by Governor on the Kansas Legislature bill page (signing date not shown on the page opened).
• SB 400 (2026), requiring closed-loop cooling for data centers: shown as Died on the Kansas Legislature bill page (never past introduction).
• Evergy Large Load Power Service tariff approved by the KCC November 6, 2025 for loads of 75 MW or more.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• County and city zoning, conditional use and building approvals were not confirmed; Kansas counties and cities use the state planning and zoning enabling act but no primary page was opened.
• Current K.A.R. 28-19-300 text, and how emergency generators are treated, could not be checked directly because KDHE pages returned 403; the EPA-hosted copy is from 2017.
• Final KDHE construction stormwater permit terms and NOI timing were not read.
• Wastewater and pretreatment requirements were not researched from a primary source.
• Whether 2026 legislation beyond SB 400 (for example SB 531 on drought counties) changed any rules was not confirmed.

Checked 2026-11-05.

Kentucky has no single data center permit. A project needs a state air permit determination, KPDES construction stormwater coverage for sites of one acre or more, a Division of Water withdrawal permit if it uses more than 10,000 gallons per day on average, and local planning and zoning approval. Large-load electric service is shaped by Public Service Commission tariff cases, for example the approved East Kentucky Power Cooperative data center rate (15 MW and 60 percent load factor eligibility).

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• PSC order of October 30, 2025 in Case 2025-00140 approved East Kentucky Power Cooperative Rate DCP (data centers of 15,000 kW or more and 60 percent load factor) as modified.
• Reported by LPM/WEKU (August 2026), not verified from primary text: a top lawmaker said the General Assembly could revisit data center tax breaks in 2027, and Lexington-Fayette passed a data center moratorium in June 2026.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Other utilities' large-load tariffs (Kentucky Power, LG&E/KU) were not read from primary orders; status of 2026 HB 593 is unconfirmed.
• Local zoning/planning (KRS 100), emergency generator air treatment, and merchant generation siting (KRS 278.700 ff) were not confirmed.
• Statute text of the tax exemption was not opened.

Checked 2026-11-05.

For a Louisiana data center the state-level path usually involves an LDEQ air permit for on-site generation, construction stormwater coverage (a small-site or large-site general permit by acreage), registration of large water wells, and Public Service Commission action on utility service and new generation. The state sales and use tax rebate requires LED certification, 50 new jobs and $200 million of investment, and a June 2026 executive order directs LED to add a ratepayer and community protection framework as a condition of the incentive.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• Executive Order 26-058 (Gov. Landry, signed June 2026): creates the Louisiana Ratepayer and Community Protection Initiative; LED must develop a framework (large loads fund incremental generation and transmission, water and energy efficiency standards, workforce and local tax commitments) as conditions of the data center sales tax exemption, with no agreement proceeding unless the Secretary finds resources, ratepayers and communities are adequately protected. Does not limit PSC jurisdiction.
• HB 827 (2024 Regular Session, effective July 1, 2024): rebate of state and local sales and use tax for approved data center facilities, 50 jobs and $200 million minimums.
• PSC Docket X-37921: Large Load Additions Non-Binding Guidelines, comments due June 19, 2026.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Whether the framework under Executive Order 26-058 has been adopted, and any amendments to R.S. 47:305.73 after the 2024 enrolled act, were not checked.
• LDEQ emergency generator treatment, the exemption and general permit criteria, and current LAC 33:III.501 text could not be opened (Justia returned 403).
• The current LAR100000 and LAR200000 permit cycles and terms were not confirmed.
• Surface water, wastewater and pretreatment rules, and local parish zoning, were not researched.
• The PSC's December 2025 fast-track directive and any binding large-load rule were not confirmed from PSC documents.

Checked 2026-11-05.

In Massachusetts a data center faces a MassDEP air plan approval for generators and other fuel-burning equipment, MEPA review if state permits, funding or land are involved and a size threshold is crossed, and local zoning and permitting. Since September 8, 2026, Executive Order 658 directs state permitting agencies not to issue permits for new or expanded data centers above 25 MW peak demand unless the applicant conforms to a June 25, 2026 state framework and submits a community benefits agreement, as summarized by a law firm; the order's text itself could not be opened.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• Executive Order 658 (signed September 8, 2026), as summarized by Pierce Atwood: conditions state permits for data centers above 25 MW on a state framework and a community benefits agreement; the same summary lists a Municipal Guidance Document due December 31, 2026 and annual reporting to the governor beginning September 2027. Primary text not opened.
• Reported by news (via search results, pages not opened): a data center-specific electric tariff was part of House energy affordability legislation and MassDEP air approval for a Lowell data center's generators was challenged in court. These items were not confirmed from primary sources and are not relied on above.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Executive Order 658 primary text (mass.gov returned 403) and the June 25, 2026 framework were not read.
• Construction stormwater (EPA-issued Construction General Permit in Massachusetts, with MassDEP WM 15 filing), Water Management Act permits, Wetlands Protection Act, and sewer or industrial pretreatment approvals were not confirmed from an opened primary source.
• Energy Facilities Siting Board jurisdiction, DPU large-load tariff status and any state sales tax treatment of data centers were not confirmed.
• Local zoning and permitting varies by municipality.

Checked 2026-11-05.

A Maryland data center typically needs an MDE air permit to construct for its generator fleet (a general permit exists for certain 500 to 2,000 kW diesel emergency sets), an MDE water appropriation permit above 10,000 gpd, NPDES construction stormwater coverage through MDE's e-permit system, and PSC large-load processes. The 2026 Utility RELIEF Act (Ch. 353) lowers the large-load rate schedule threshold to 25 MW, creates a PSC large load registry, and keeps a certificate of public convenience and necessity for generating stations, with exclusions for emergency backup units.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• Ch. 353 of 2026 (HB 1532, Utility RELIEF Act): large load definition 25 MW / 60% load factor; PSC large load registry by July 1, 2027; voluntary clean capacity rating program; legislative intent statement for data centers locating in Maryland on or after July 1, 2026.
• Ch. 353 adds Tax-General/Economic Development provision 14-134 barring construction of a data center (aggregate demand at least 5 MW, load factor over 80%) in Baltimore City development districts subject to tax increment repayment on outstanding bonds, with an exception for the city-wide affordable housing development district (applies only in Baltimore City).
• Reported by news (DatacenterDynamics, article not opened due to 403): Maryland denied an exemption for 168 diesel generators at an Aligned Data Centers campus; not independently confirmed.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Acre threshold and SWPPP details for 20-CP not confirmed on an opened page; sediment control and stormwater management plan approval is generally by local jurisdiction or MDE and varies by county.
• Nontidal wetlands and waterway construction authorizations and Section 401 water quality certification not confirmed from an opened page.
• Local zoning and special exception path varies by county; not researched.
• Data center sales tax exemption terms (Tax-General 11-239) not read.
• Whether exemptions from the Ch. 353 CPCN requirement apply to a given on-site generation design needs PSC confirmation.
• Effective dates of individual Ch. 353 sections were not confirmed.

Checked 2026-11-05.

In Maine a data center of any real size typically goes through the Department of Environmental Protection under the Site Location of Development Act (projects occupying over 20 acres or over 3 acres of ground area) and needs stormwater approval for one acre or more of disturbance, plus municipal land use approvals. In April 2026 the Legislature passed a data center moratorium (LD 307) but the governor's veto was sustained, so no statewide moratorium is in effect; a separate law (LD 713) excludes new data centers from the business equipment property tax exemption and the Dirigo Business Incentive Program.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• LD 307 (2026): the Legislature passed a data center moratorium on April 15, 2026; Gov. Mills vetoed it on April 24 and the veto was sustained on April 29, 2026 (WABI-TV). Other outlets report it would have covered data centers larger than 20 MW until November 2027; that figure was not on the opened WABI page. No statewide moratorium is in effect.
• Reported by WABI-TV: after the veto, the governor issued an executive order creating a 15-member Maine Data Center Advisory Council with recommendations due January 29, 2027.
• LD 713 (signed April 23, 2026): see incentives item.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Air emission license requirements (Chapter 115 and the stationary generator rule, Chapter 169) could not be opened; DEP and rule pages returned 403.
• Water supply and wastewater (public water system or municipal pretreatment), Natural Resources Protection Act wetlands, and PUC large-load or transmission siting roles were not sourced.
• Local zoning varies by town and many Maine towns have no zoning at all.

Checked 2026-11-05.

In Michigan a data center needs an EGLE air permit to install before installing process equipment that emits air contaminants (internal combustion engines under 10 million Btu/hr heat input are exempt under Rule 285), plus utility arrangements: Consumers Energy's MPSC-approved large-load tariff applies at 100 MW and above. The state sales and use tax exemption has statutory investment, jobs, municipal water and clean energy conditions. Stormwater, water withdrawal and local approvals could not be confirmed from state pages that were reachable.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• Public Acts 181 and 207 of 2024 amended the Use Tax Act and General Sales Tax Act to create the data center equipment exemption (reported by Ryan LLC / DMA summaries in search results; statute MCL 205.54ee read at the Michigan Legislature site).
• MPSC approved Consumers Energy's data center / large-load tariff in Case U-21859 (reported by NUS Consulting).
• Reported by news (not verified from a primary page): several data center bills, including a proposed statewide moratorium and a Senate package with a water permit for very large users, were introduced in 2026; no enactment was confirmed.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Construction stormwater (Part 91 soil erosion permit, and permit-by-rule Notice of Coverage for 5 acres or more): EGLE pages returned 403, so thresholds and fees are omitted. Search summaries indicate a 1-acre / 500-feet Part 91 trigger and a $400 NOC for 5 acres or more, unverified.
• Water withdrawal: Part 327 large quantity withdrawal registration (reported at 100,000 gallons/day) and permit thresholds not confirmed from an opened page.
• Wetlands (Part 303 / 401) and wastewater/pretreatment not researched.
• DTE Electric's large-load contract/tariff (reported case U-22061) status not confirmed.
• Local zoning and township moratoria vary; more than 50 municipalities reportedly adopted moratoria (news, unverified).
• Michigan has no general state environmental review act confirmed here.

Checked 2026-11-05.

Minnesota enacted a data center law in 2025 (Laws 2025, 1st Special Session, Chapter 12, H.F. 16) that adds water-permit conditions for very large users, a Public Utilities Commission process for very large electric customers, an annual fee for 100 MW and larger data centers, and conditions on the sales tax exemption. A project typically also needs MPCA construction stormwater coverage, a DNR water appropriation permit if it uses more than small-use amounts, an air permit if backup generators push potential emissions over MPCA thresholds, and state environmental review (EAW) decisions made through the local government or MPCA.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• 2025 First Special Session Chapter 12 (H.F. 16): data center omnibus read at revisor.mn.gov. Contents: 100 MW data center definition, water preapplication and permit conditions above 100,000,000 gallons/year, PUC very large customer class by December 15, 2026, annual fee by MW, tax exemption conditions.
• Reported by news and a law firm in search results (not opened): 2026 bills such as S.F. 4816 would change environmental review treatment of data centers; status unconfirmed.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• MPCA air permit types (registration, general, capped) and rule text not opened; MPCA pages returned a bot-verification page.
• Wetland Conservation Act / Section 401, wastewater (NPDES/SDS industrial and municipal pretreatment) not researched.
• Local zoning and city approvals vary; the local government is typically the responsible unit for EAW decisions.
• Whether 2026 session bills amending the 2025 data center law passed was not confirmed.
• Actual PUC tariff terms: the class definition is due by December 15, 2026 and utility tariff filings were not reviewed.

Checked 2026-11-05.

Missouri DNR does not regulate data centers as such; depending on design a project may need an air construction permit (if emissions exceed de minimis levels), a land disturbance stormwater permit at one acre or more, and water discharge permits if it discharges to a water body. Missouri has no state-level permitting of water use, only annual reporting by users able to withdraw 100,000 gallons per day, and zoning is entirely local. Electric service for large loads runs through PSC-approved large-load tariffs under SB 4 (12-year minimum contract).

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• SB 4 (2025), codified at Section 393.130.7 RSMo per PSC order summaries, signed by Governor Kehoe: requires PSC-approved large-load rates; Ameren and Evergy tariffs approved, Liberty pending (PSC fact sheet, April 2026).
• Initiative petition 26-149 would repeal Section 144.810 RSMo, the data storage center sales tax exemption (State Auditor fiscal note, March 2026); ballot status unconfirmed.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Numeric de minimis air levels and current 10 CSR 10-6.061 emergency generator conditions were not read.
• The MW threshold for large load tariffs (reports say 100 MW in SB 4, 75 MW in the Ameren and Evergy plans) was not confirmed from a page opened.
• Investment and job requirements for the sales tax exemption were not confirmed.
• Local zoning varies by city and county.

Checked 2026-11-05.

In Mississippi a data center needs an MDEQ air permit to construct for non-excluded equipment, stormwater construction coverage (one to under five acres, or five acres and more), and a Section 401 certification if it fills or dredges waters of the U.S. Groundwater use is governed by MDEQ well and permit rules, with 20,000 gallons per day a recurring reporting trigger.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• MDEQ's published 'Stormwater and Section 401 Water Quality Certification' sheet describes the permits it issues for economic development projects, including the 3 to 6 month typical 401 timeline (MDEQ).

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Whether emergency generators and engines are excluded from the air permit to construct was not confirmed (rule text for 2.13 reviewed did not list them).
• Public Service Commission and utility large-load requirements not researched or confirmed.
• Wastewater/pretreatment, surface water withdrawal, local zoning, and the xAI Southaven air-permit dispute (reported only by news) not confirmed from primary sources.
• Current status of 57-113 amendments (2024-2026) not confirmed.

Checked 2026-11-05.

Montana has no enacted data center-specific permitting statute as of the sources reviewed. A data center needs a DEQ air quality permit if its potential emissions exceed 25 tons per year, construction stormwater coverage for sites of one acre or more, and a DNRC water permit if groundwater use exceeds 35 gpm or 10 acre-feet per year. Large-load electric service is being set in a NorthWestern Energy tariff case at the Public Service Commission (5 MW and up), and a 2027 legislative bill is in draft.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• Reported by Daily Montanan (September 9, 2026): the Energy and Technology Interim Committee advanced a draft bill, aimed at the 2027 Legislature, that would direct the PSC to ensure large loads of at least 5 megawatts do not harm other customers, create a separate customer class, prevent cost shifting and require financial guarantees; it does not cover data centers that build their own power supply. It is a draft, not law.
• Reported by news (Montana Free Press, Daily Montanan, 2026): community and environmental groups filed a PSC complaint in November 2025 over NorthWestern's data center supply deals; outcome not confirmed.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Tariff docket number, final PSC terms and status were not found.
• Air emergency generator exclusions, wastewater (MPDES/pretreatment), 401 certification, county zoning and any data center tax incentives were not confirmed from primary sources.
• Whether the 2027 draft bill is introduced or enacted is unknown.

Checked 2026-11-05.

In North Carolina, large data center backup-generator fleets have been permitted individually by the Division of Air Quality, construction needs NPDES stormwater coverage tied to an erosion and sedimentation plan, and zoning is a local decision. Duke Energy's large-load tariff for data centers was a proposed settlement awaiting Utilities Commission approval as of October 2026.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• Aug 28, 2026: DAQ issued final air permits to Amazon Data Services (588 emergency backup engines) and Duke Energy Progress (57 temporary non-emergency bridge-power engines, to be retired within a year of starting operations) in Richmond County (NC DEQ release).
• Oct 7, 2026: Duke Energy and parties reached a proposed large-load tariff settlement pending Utilities Commission approval (WUNC, news).

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Air permit exemption thresholds (15A NCAC 02Q) not confirmed from rule text.
• Legislative bills on data centers in 2026 not confirmed from primary sources.
• Wetlands/401, wastewater pretreatment, and interbasin transfer certificate requirements not reviewed.
• Local data center ordinances vary.

Checked 2026-11-05.

In North Dakota a data center typically needs a state air permit to construct from the Department of Environmental Quality unless its backup engines fall under the rule's exemptions, construction stormwater coverage for sites disturbing one acre or more, and a State Engineer water appropriation permit for any industrial water use from surface or ground water. Public Service Commission siting certificates apply to generation above 50 MW (excluding onsite backup generation) and transmission above 115 kV, and the 2025 Legislature chose to study, not regulate, large loads such as data centers. A state sales tax exemption for qualified data center equipment requires certification by the Tax Commissioner.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• 2025 HB 1579 (enacted): directs the Legislative Management to study during the 2025-26 interim the impact of large energy consumers, including data centers, on the grid, including whether the certificate of public convenience and necessity process is appropriate for private end users. It does not itself create a data center permit (enrolled bill text read at ndlegis.gov: https://ndlegis.gov/assembly/69-2025/regular/documents/25-1252-03000.pdf).
• NDCC 57-39.2-04.17 data center sales tax exemption: see incentives item.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Local zoning and conditional use path varies by city and county; no state-level data center zoning law was confirmed.
• Wastewater (NDPDES discharge or municipal pretreatment) and wetlands/Section 401 roles were not sourced.
• Title V and operating permit thresholds were not read; only the construction permit exemptions were confirmed.
• Whether the 2025-26 interim study produced 2027 bill proposals was not confirmed.

Checked 2026-11-05.

Nebraska is served entirely by public power, so electric service, rates and any on-site generation for a very large load run through the local public power supplier and the Power Review Board under 2026 laws (LB 1010, LB 1261). The state environment agency (now the Department of Water, Energy and Environment) handles air construction permits for on-site engines, construction stormwater coverage at one acre or more, and well registration. A July 2026 executive order suspends state tax incentives for large-scale data centers.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• Executive order signed July 20, 2026 by Gov. Pillen: suspends state tax incentives for large-scale data centers and bars new approvals under the Imagine Nebraska Act (reported by KTIV; text not read).
• LB 1261 (2026): co-located generation for customers with new load of 1,000 MW or more, Power Review Board approval required; announced signed June 2, 2026 (public power trade article).
• LB 1010 (2026): large-load interconnection standards for customers over 20 MW, effective July 17, 2026 per Baird Holm (summary, signing not confirmed from that page).

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Actual executive order text, effective date and size definition of large-scale were not read.
• Whether backup generators are counted toward Chapter 17 permit levels, and the current Chapter 17 text, were not confirmed.
• Surface water appropriation, wastewater and pretreatment rules, and local zoning (county and city) were not researched.
• Final enacted text and signing of LB 1010 were not confirmed from legislature pages.

Checked 2026-11-05.

In New Hampshire a data center typically needs a DES Air Resources temporary permit if its engines or other devices exceed the Env-A 607.01 thresholds (emergency generators limited to 500 hours per year can use a general state permit), a DES Alteration of Terrain permit for significant earth disturbance, and local planning and zoning approval. The Site Evaluation Committee only has automatic jurisdiction over generation of 30 MW or more and certain high-voltage lines, though it can take other facilities by petition. No New Hampshire statute specific to data centers had been enacted as of the sources read; moratorium and large-load proposals are being prepared for the 2027 session.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• Reported by New Hampshire Public Radio (October 27, 2026): the article identified no enacted New Hampshire law specifically regulating or banning data centers, and said earlier-in-2026 proposals largely failed to progress. For the 2027 session, drafts reported include a moratorium by Sen. Daniel Innis through the end of 2027, a moratorium by Rep. Thomas Cormen for data centers of 20 MW or more through 2028, a large-energy-user bill at a 30 MW peak threshold, and size-tier definitions by Rep. Laurel Stavis with large load at 50 MW. Gov. Kelly Ayotte said she would support a moratorium and plans to propose one in the next biennial budget. These are proposals, not law.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Large groundwater withdrawal permits (RSA 485-C, reported threshold 57,600 gallons per day) were not confirmed from an opened primary page; DES returned 403.
• Wetlands, wastewater or sewer pretreatment, and the federal NPDES construction stormwater permit were not sourced.
• No state sales tax in New Hampshire, so there is no sales tax exemption to obtain; incentive programs were not researched.
• Local planning board and zoning approvals vary by town; the status of a 2026 town-zoning bill was only reported in search results and not opened.
• Whether a PUC large-load tariff applies depends on the serving utility and was not researched.

Checked 2026-11-05.

A New Jersey data center needs NJDEP air preconstruction permits for fuel-burning equipment including emergency generators at or above 1,000,000 BTU/hr heat input, NJPDES construction stormwater authorization plus soil conservation district plan certification for 1+ acre of disturbance, and, where wetlands are involved, a Freshwater Wetlands authorization. New Jersey's July 2026 Data Center Fair Share Act requires the BPU to set large-load tariff standards within 12 months, with a threshold not above 50 MW.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• P.L. 2026, c.32 (A796/S731), approved July 7, 2026: large data center tariff framework; effective immediately, BPU standards due within 12 months.
• Reported by Bloomberg Tax and other news: the End Data Center Tax Credits Act (A5165/S4390) removed about $250 million in uncommitted Next New Jersey AI incentives; text of the law not opened.
• Reported by TechRadar: NJDEP fined a data center operator about $1.07 million for installing unpermitted natural gas generators; not independently confirmed from an agency page.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Municipal Land Use Law / local site plan and zoning path not researched from a primary source.
• NJDEP Water Allocation permit thresholds could not be opened; Highlands and Pinelands rules may add requirements.
• Flood Hazard Area Control Act permits and general air permit options for generators (e.g., GP series) not confirmed from an opened page.
• Wastewater/pretreatment, building and environmental review not researched.
• Whether BPU has set a final MW threshold or issued standards is unconfirmed.

Checked 2026-11-05.

In New Mexico the air permit is the main gating item for on-site power and generator fleets (NOI above 10 tons per year; construction permit above 10 lb/hr or 25 tons per year of criteria pollutants). Anyone wanting to use water must have a State Engineer permit, and construction stormwater is covered by EPA's general permit because EPA is the permitting authority there. Large on-site generation can trigger Public Regulation Commission location approval.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• Reported by Source New Mexico (March 2026): NMED air permits for two gas-fired power plants serving the Project Jupiter data center in Dona Ana County drew more than 7,000 comments; the decision deadline moved to July 21 and a public hearing was approved. Final outcome not confirmed.
• News reports (2026) describe a planned 2027 legislative push for a data center moratorium and a 2026 microgrid-related bill; enactment and terms were not confirmed from legislative text.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Local land use (county and municipal zoning, industrial revenue bond process) not sourced from primary documents.
• Wastewater discharge and pretreatment rules, 401 certification, state tax incentives for data centers not confirmed.
• Whether emergency generators are exempt or counted in NMED applicability not confirmed; basin-specific closures for new groundwater permits not confirmed.
• Any large-load tariff or data-center rule at the PRC not confirmed.

Checked 2026-11-05.

A Nevada data center typically needs an NDEP air operating permit (Class I or Class II depending on emissions) for its backup generators, construction stormwater coverage, and a State Engineer water right or a water supply from an existing right holder. Large on-site generation or high-voltage lines may add Public Utilities Commission siting review. The state tax abatement is optional and carries employment, wage and investment conditions.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• NRS 360.754 is a data-center-specific partial tax abatement with employment, wage, capital-investment and clawback conditions (see incentives item).
• Tracking of 2027-session proposals, any PUCN large-load tariff, and county-level rules was not confirmed from primary sources.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Local zoning and special use permit process by county (for example Storey, Washoe, Clark) not sourced.
• Whether backup generators qualify as insignificant activities under NAC 445B.288 not confirmed; permit-to-construct versus operating permit mechanics not confirmed.
• PUCN large-load or data-center tariff rules and any 2025-2026 legislation not confirmed from primary sources.

Checked 2026-11-05.

New York is currently the most restrictive of these states: Executive Order 62 (July 14, 2026), as described by a law firm summary, pauses discretionary DEC permits for data centers of 50 MW or more until a Generic EIS is complete, so wetlands, air, water and stormwater approvals for such projects may not issue. Underneath that, a project needs SEQR review, DEC construction stormwater coverage at one acre, a DEC water withdrawal permit if it can withdraw 100,000 gpd, and DEC air treatment of its engines. The PSC is running its own large-load interconnection proceeding with a Generic EIS.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• Executive Order No. 62 (July 14, 2026): pause on discretionary DEC approvals for 50 MW+ data centers pending a Generic EIS, per law firm summaries (Davis Wright Tremaine, Hodgson Russ); governor.ny.gov text not opened.
• Responsible Data Center Development Act (20 MW definition) passed the legislature in June 2026; reported by law firm Hodgson Russ as unsigned with a veto expected, though one outlet (Tom's Hardware) reports it signed; status unconfirmed.
• PSC Case 26-E-0045 (Energize NY Development) large-load interconnection proceeding with Generic EIS, per DEC Environmental Notice Bulletin Sept. 30, 2026.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• EO 62 primary text and whether new applications filed after July 14 are covered; sources differ.
• Status of the Responsible Data Center Development Act.
• Local zoning and site plan path (varies by municipality), wastewater/SPDES industrial discharge and building rules not researched.
• Whether DEC applies the EO pause to generator air permits or stormwater coverage for specific projects.
• Article 24 wetlands rules have been in flux after an April 2026 court ruling reported in DEC materials not opened; confirm with the regional DEC office.

Checked 2026-11-05.

In Ohio a new data center typically needs a local zoning/site plan approval, an Ohio EPA construction stormwater permit, an air authorization for its backup engines (permit-by-rule or a PTIO), and utility service under the serving utility's data center tariff. Water usually comes from a municipal system, which means ODNR registration is not triggered unless the site builds its own withdrawal. If the site builds on-site generation of 50 MW or more, Ohio Power Siting Board approval is a major gating item. The state sales tax exemption for data center equipment was reportedly paused for new applications in May 2026; confirm with the Tax Credit Authority.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• 2025: PUCO order (July 9, 2025, case 24-508-EL-ATA) approved the first data center specific tariff, for AEP Ohio: collateral, minimum demand charge, 8-12 year contracts, exit fees. Approved; PUCO has directed FirstEnergy to propose a similar tariff.
• 2025: House Bill 15 (signed 2025) expanded behind-the-meter generation and updated OPSB timeframes, enabling data centers to build their own generation. Enacted (per PUCO Chair testimony, May 27, 2026).
• May 2026: Governor DeWine reportedly paused consideration of new data center sales tax exemption requests at the Tax Credit Authority (reported in news and referenced in a May 28, 2026 Ohio Senate member release; the Governor's own page could not be opened).
• 2026: House Bill 957 (136th General Assembly, sponsor Rep. Tristan Rader), 'Prohibit new data center sales tax exemptions from being granted', is shown on ohiohouse.gov as referred to the House Ways and Means Committee, with no later steps checked.
• 2026: Senate Bill 374 (136th General Assembly, sponsors Sen. Kent Smith and Sen. Louis Blessing), 'To amend section 122.175 of the Revised Code to prohibit new data center sales tax exemptions from being granted', is shown on ohiohouse.gov as in the Senate Finance Committee, with no later steps checked.
• 2025: A Legislative Service Commission analysis (found via search, not read) lists the HB 96 data center exemption repeal as vetoed by the Governor; a May 28, 2026 Ohio Senate member release also refers to that veto. No override of the data center repeal was found.
• 2026: General Assembly Select Committee on Data Centers began meetings May 2026 (ODNR and PUCO testified May 27, 2026); no data-center-specific siting, water or moratorium statute was confirmed.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• No Ohio EPA general permit specific to diesel emergency generators was confirmed; the permit-by-rule applies to emergency reciprocating engines over 50 hp. Coverage of gas turbines and non-emergency or peak-shaving use was not confirmed. The PSD/NSR major stationary source test in OAC 3745-31-01 (reported as 250 tpy for most source types in attainment areas, 100 tpy for listed categories such as large fossil-fuel boilers) was read from a partial page load and is not yet recorded as an item.
• Air permit fees were not checked.
• The AEP Ohio tariff megawatt threshold (a figure of 25 MW appears in testimony seen via search, not in a primary page opened), exit fee and collateral amounts were not confirmed from the PUCO order itself; the PUCO docket system blocked automated access. Later PUCO activity (rehearing, tariff compliance filings, rate case and default-service orders in 2026) and the Ohio Supreme Court appeal status were not verified.
• Whether a transmission or interconnection line below 100 kV serving an on-site 50 MW+ plant falls under OPSB as an associated facility, and HB 15 details (priority investment areas, timelines), were not read from the statute.
• Local zoning requirements, township versus municipal roles, and any local data center moratoria vary by locality and were not researched.
• Fire code and plan review details, and the Ohio EPA post-construction stormwater specifics for sites over two acres, were not confirmed in detail.
• Dates of actions on HB 957 and SB 374 were not shown on the pages opened, and any other data center bills (136th General Assembly) were not checked. The HB 96 veto detail comes from a legislator's release and search snippets, not the veto message or enacted analysis text. The Governor's release on the Tax Credit Authority pause could not be opened.
• Isolated wetland and 401 fee amounts were not verified from the current fee schedule.

Checked 2026-11-05.

In Oklahoma the state-level gates a data center typically meets are DEQ construction stormwater coverage (OKR10), a DEQ air permit if on-site engines or turbines are installed, and water supply, which in practice usually comes from a municipal utility rather than a state water permit. The Corporation Commission regulates electric rates, and 2026 legislation and utility large-load tariff filings are changing the terms for new large loads. Local zoning and building approvals were not confirmed from a primary source.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• HB 2992, Data Center Consumer Ratepayer Protection Act of 2026: signed May 2026, effective July 1, 2026 (reported by KGOU). Requires separate large-load terms and notice to the Commission, counties and abutting owners within 60 days after a deal.
• SB 259 (2026): signed May 2026; per KGOU it allows groundwater permits only for data centers whose cooling systems are designed to conserve and recycle water. KGOU also reports no water permits had been issued specifically to data centers because they buy municipal water. A follow-up bill on secondary-source groundwater is expected next year (reported by KGOU, July 2026).
• The state Incentive Evaluation Commission draft (Sept. 2026) recommends retaining the computer services and data processing exemption with modifications.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Local zoning, building permit and county-level approvals were not confirmed from a primary source.
• Final Corporation Commission action on OG&E and PSO large-load tariffs, and the HB 2992 large-load definition, were not confirmed.
• Exact text and effective date of SB 259 and which permits it applies to were not read from the statute.
• Whether and how a current OKR10 renewal has replaced the 2017 permit was not checked.

Checked 2026-11-05.

Oregon data centers are permitted through a DEQ Standard Air Contaminant Discharge Permit, which DEQ issues based on a local land use compatibility finding, so local approval under the statewide planning system comes first. Water use requires an Oregon Water Resources Department permit for surface or groundwater unless exempt. Large loads of 20 MW or more are subject to a separate utility rate class and contract terms under the 2025 POWER Act.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• HB 3546 (POWER Act, 2025): separate rate class and 10-year minimum contracts for facilities of 20 MW or more (PUC report).
• HB 4084 (2026): enterprise zone property tax moratorium for new data centers, effective June 5, 2026 (law-firm summary; bill text not read).
• DEQ has a data-center-specific Standard ACDP template (revised 4/9/2026) and a Tier 4 streamlined data center permit path.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Wastewater (NPDES or WPCF, pretreatment) and 401/wetlands (DEQ and DSL) not sourced.
• Stormwater acreage threshold not confirmed from the page read.
• Local zoning specifics (for example Hillsboro, Hermiston) and Strategic Investment Program terms not sourced.
• Statewide data center advisory committee recommendations and any 2027 proposals not confirmed.

Checked 2026-11-05.

A Pennsylvania data center typically needs local zoning and land development approval, DEP air plan approval or an exemption for its combustion equipment, NPDES construction stormwater coverage for 1+ acre of earth disturbance, and Chapter 105 authorization if streams or wetlands are affected. Large water use may trigger Susquehanna River Basin Commission review, and loads above 50 MW fall under the PUC's large load model tariff framework. A 2026 executive order adds sequencing conditions for projects over 25 MW.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• PUC large load model tariff final order, docket M-2025-3054271, released May 13, 2026 (50 MW / 100 MW aggregate threshold; non-binding model).
• Executive Order 2026-05 (signed Aug 18, 2026) as summarized by Reed Smith: over 25 MW peak demand; local approvals before DEP permits; annual water and energy reporting by existing data centers starting July 1, 2027; DEP to recommend backup generator emission regulations.
• Reported by news outlets (not opened as primary): pending bills on local zoning, moratoria and state preemption for data centers (e.g., HB 2151, SB 1345, SB 939); statuses unconfirmed.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Local zoning/land development path under the Municipalities Planning Code varies by municipality and was not confirmed from a primary source.
• Delaware River Basin Commission thresholds not checked (applies to eastern PA sites).
• State data center sales-tax exemption (Computer Data Center Equipment Program) terms could not be opened from a primary page; confirm with the Department of Revenue.
• DEP treatment of emergency generators under its exemption list and GP-9 not confirmed.
• Wastewater/pretreatment and building requirements not researched.

Checked 2026-11-05.

In Rhode Island a data center with backup generators generally needs a RIDEM minor source air permit (or a pre-approved general permit for emergency generators), RIPDES construction stormwater coverage for sites disturbing one acre or more, and municipal approvals. The Energy Facility Siting Board has jurisdiction over generation of 40 MW or more and transmission lines of 69 kV or over, which matters if a data center builds its own generation or a new line. Several 2026 data center bills were introduced; none was confirmed as enacted in the sources read.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• A 2026 General Assembly press release (Speaker Pro Tempore Brian Patrick Kennedy) describes a bill to set state rules for data centers, citing costly electric infrastructure upgrades; its final status was not confirmed.
• Search results (pages not opened) indicated several 2026 bills: H7270/S2427 (regulation), H7331/S2776 (PUC cost allocation to data centers) and H7695/S2346 (tax exemptions for qualified data centers). Sources conflicted on whether any passed, and a July 2026 States Newsroom report was said to state that a guardrails bill and a tax-break bill failed to clear the chamber. Treat all as unconfirmed.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Regulation No. 9 permit threshold (9.3.1) and any emergency-engine exemption were not read.
• Final status of 2026 data center bills (regulation, cost allocation, tax exemption) could not be confirmed; check the General Assembly bill pages.
• Water supply (Providence Water or other supplier approvals), wastewater pretreatment, freshwater wetlands and CRMC roles, and RI environmental review were not sourced.
• Local zoning and building approvals vary by municipality.

Checked 2026-11-05.

In South Carolina a data center typically needs a DES air construction permit for its generator fleet (a Berkeley County project was permitted as a synthetic minor), NPDES construction stormwater coverage at one acre, and water coverage that depends on volume (3 million gallons per month triggers surface and groundwater rules). A comprehensive state data center bill (S.867) was still in the Senate per the legislature's page.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• S.867, the Data Center Development Act (126th Session): introduced Jan 29, 2026; reported favorably by the Senate Agriculture and Natural Resources Committee on April 28, 2026; shown as residing in the Senate. As introduced it would define a data center as 1 MW or more connected load in three tiers, require a siting permit from a new Data Center Development Office in DES, set water use effectiveness limits, and keep rates under the PSC. Not enacted per the legislature page checked.
• DES permitted a data center's emergency generators as a synthetic minor source (CP-50000183, statement of basis dated Nov 13, 2024).

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Air-permit exemption thresholds for emergency generators (Regulation 61-62.1 Section II) could not be opened; the state site returned 403.
• PSC siting, large-load tariff requirements for SC utilities, and the Santee Cooper path were not researched.
• Wastewater/pretreatment, wetlands/401, and local zoning (varies by county) not confirmed.
• Whether S.867 or other 2026 bills passed after the pages checked is unconfirmed.

Checked 2026-11-05.

In South Dakota a data center generally needs a DANR air construction permit if it has stationary generators or other regulated emission units, construction stormwater coverage for sites of one acre or more, and a state water right permit for commercial or industrial water use (a municipal or rural water system supplying the site would hold its own permit). In March 2026 the state enacted data center laws reported to cover facilities of 10 MW or more: they must pay for electric service costs they cause, follow water-use limits, and local governments keep authority to regulate or prohibit data centers. Sales tax incentives for data centers were rejected in 2026, so local land use approval and utility arrangements are the main gates.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• Reported by KOTA-TV (March 25, 2026): Gov. Rhoden signed two data center bills. One (linked as Bill ID 27028; SDPB identifies it as SB 135, the 'Data Center Bill of Rights for Citizens', signed) applies to data centers with peak demand of 10 MW or greater, requires them to pay for electrical infrastructure costs attributable to them, requires water use not to overburden local resources, and bars the state from overriding local data center ordinances.
• Reported by KOTA-TV (March 25, 2026): the other signed bill (Bill ID 26923, HB 1038) lets the Public Utilities Commission assess data center companies the costs of regulatory reviews. The HB 1038 amendment text read at mylrc.sdlegislature.gov refers to a data center with a peak demand of ten megawatts or greater.
• Reported by KOTA-TV: lawmakers rejected a 50-year sales tax exemption for data center equipment and software, an expansion of an existing sales tax rebate to data centers, moratorium bills, and a bill (ID 26863) that would have exempted large off-grid backup generators from PUC regulatory and siting review.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Enrolled text of SB 135 was not opened; water-limit details (rulemaking by the Water Management Board, reporting) and the exact 10 MW definitions should be confirmed against the enacted bill.
• Air permit exemptions for engines (ARSD 74:36:20:02.01 and 74:36:20:04) could not be opened.
• Wastewater discharge or pretreatment, wetlands/Section 401, and state transmission siting thresholds were not sourced.
• Local zoning varies widely by county and city.

Checked 2026-11-05.

Tennessee's environmental department regulates the equipment at a data center (engines, generators, turbines, boilers) rather than the data center itself, and four counties (Davidson, Hamilton, Knox, Shelby) run their own air programs. Typical state items are air permits or permit-by-rule for backup engines, construction stormwater coverage at one acre, water withdrawal registration at 10,000 gallons per day, and wastewater or pretreatment approvals.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• TDEC maintains a dedicated data centers permitting page describing air, water, stormwater and wastewater programs applicable to data centers (TDEC).
• 2026 session proposals (tax exemption pause, large-load cost bills) were seen only in search results and were not confirmed from primary sources.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Utility/large-load requirements (TVA and local power company rules) were not confirmed from a primary source.
• Local zoning and building process not researched; varies by city or county.
• Current statutory text of the data center exemption (the form is dated 2017/2023) and 2026 legislation were not confirmed.

Checked 2026-11-05.

In Texas a data center usually needs a TCEQ air authorization for backup engines or turbines (often a permit by rule for emergency units, otherwise a standard or case-by-case permit), TCEQ construction stormwater coverage for sites of 1 acre or more, a wastewater authorization or sewer pretreatment approval, and local plat approvals including a groundwater availability certification. For a large ERCOT load, the main gate is the utility and ERCOT large-load interconnection process under SB 6 (2025), which applies to single-site loads above 75 MW. Water is a growing constraint: the water source depends on the local groundwater district or water provider, and data centers must file the TWDB annual water use survey.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• SB 6 (89th Leg., 2025, enrolled): large load interconnection standards above 75 MW in ERCOT, $100,000 minimum study fee, financial commitment, backup generation disclosure, curtailment protocol for transmission-voltage loads interconnected after 2025-12-31, co-location review (enrolled text read).
• PUC Project 58481: new 16 TAC 25.194 Large Load Interconnection Standards reported adopted around September 2026 (found via search; adoption order could not be opened, verify details).
• 2026-09-14: Governor directed TWDB to enforce Water Code water use survey requirements against data centers, with referral to county or district attorneys and notice to TCEQ (Governor's press release read).
• Per the same release, on 2026-08-03 the Governor directed PUC and ERCOT to audit data centers in ERCOT's interconnection process; projects that do not complete the audit must be denied interconnection.
• Legislative interest in 2027 session in data center water reporting and county authority was reported by news and law-firm sources only; no enacted bill confirmed.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• 30 TAC 106.511 annual operating-hours limit for emergency engines not confirmed from the current official rule text (the TCEQ page does not reproduce it and the Secretary of State site now redirects to a portal; one secondary excerpt suggested a 10 percent of normal operating schedule limit from an older version, unverified).
• 30 TAC Chapter 117 NOx limits and which counties are covered: TCEQ page not found, not confirmed.
• Title V: exact text of 30 TAC 122.10 and which Texas counties are in each ozone class not opened (only EPA federal thresholds confirmed).
• Post-construction stormwater rules and TCEQ processing times not confirmed.
• Water source: groundwater conservation district rules vary by district; surface water rights and municipal supply contracts not researched.
• Industrial wastewater thresholds, general permit options and cooling tower blowdown specifics not confirmed.
• Final text of PUC rule 16 TAC 25.194 (financial security amounts, timelines): PUC documents returned errors; only a trade-press report of adoption.
• CCN requirements for transmission/substation construction: PUC rule 25.101 and CCN page could not be opened.
• City zoning and site plan, county zoning limits (counties generally understood to lack zoning power but not confirmed), building and fire code adoption: no primary source opened (state statutes site did not render text).
• State environmental review law: none found, not conclusively confirmed.

Checked 2026-11-05.

A Utah data center generally needs a Division of Air Quality approval order for its generators unless it falls under a small-source or category exemption, UPDES construction stormwater coverage, and a legal water supply under the state engineer's appropriation system. Projects expected to reach 100 MW or more of new service fall under the 2025 large-load law (S.B. 132), which routes service through Public Service Commission-approved contracts.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• S.B. 132 (2025 General Session), Electric Utility Amendments, effective May 7, 2025: creates the large-load service and private-generation framework for loads of 100 MW or more. Enrolled text read.
• The legislature's interim committee was reported in 2026 to be drafting a state definition of large-scale data centers; bill number and status not confirmed.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Local land use and conditional use approval by city or county not sourced.
• Utah sales and use tax exemption for qualifying enterprise data centers not confirmed from current statute.
• Wastewater and pretreatment rules, 401 and wetlands role, and whether backup generators have been permitted case by case were not confirmed from primary sources.
• Water right wording was confirmed only from a code mirror.

Checked 2026-11-05.

A Virginia data center typically needs local land-use approval first (zoning, often a special exception or rezoning; facilities expecting 100 MW or more also owe a site assessment under a 2026 law), then DEQ air permitting if diesel generator fleets exceed the exemption limits, VESMP stormwater coverage for sites of one acre or more, and a utility connection under Dominion's large-load rate terms where applicable. Water and wastewater go through local utilities or DEQ permits depending on the design. Operators also pay a new state electricity consumption tax from July 1, 2026. Key gating items are local approval, the air permit for generator fleets, and the utility interconnection and rate class.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• Va. Code 15.2-2209.5 (2026 Acts chs. 567 and 568, HB 153 and SB 94): site assessment, including sound analysis, for new facilities expected to need 100 MW or more, before rezoning, special exception or special use permit approval. Earlier version of this record mis-cited it as 15.2-2209.4, which is a parking statute.
• 2026 HB 496: reported as reporting and disclosure of data center water use, including reclaimed water (amends Va. Code 62.1-44.38); LIS bill page could not be read, so status is unconfirmed.
• 2026 HB 323: reported as a study of beneficial uses for data center waste heat; not a permit requirement; LIS page could not be read.
• 2026-2028 budget Item 3-5.24: $0.011 per kWh electricity consumption tax on data center operators for use from July 1, 2026 to before July 1, 2028; $600 million per year general-fund cap.
• SCC Nov 25, 2025 order (PUR-2025-00058): new GS-5 rate class for 25 MW+ customers effective January 1, 2027 (per SCC news release).
• Pending/proposal level: some legislators plan to revisit repealing the sales tax exemption as early as 2027 (law-firm report, not a primary source).

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Which Northern Virginia localities fall in serious/severe ozone nonattainment, and how Title V and major NSR then apply, were not confirmed.
• The status of any DEQ general permit for emergency generators and a DEQ proposed variance to 9VAC5-80-1110 C on data center grid-emergency generator operation were not confirmed.
• Groundwater management area boundaries (declaring regulation) were not checked.
• DEQ and SCC processing timelines were not found in primary sources.
• GS-5 contract length, collateral and exit terms, and exactly which customers the 85%/60% minimums apply to, were not confirmed; the SCC order PDFs are scanned images the fetch tool could not read.
• Local zoning paths and any local moratoria or ordinances vary by county and were not researched.
• VPDES general permit options and local sewer pretreatment requirements were not confirmed.
• Effective date of 15.2-2209.5 and the status of HB 496 and HB 323 were not confirmed.
• No building-code or environmental-review (state NEPA-like) items were added because no primary source was opened for them.

Checked 2026-11-05.

In Vermont a data center project typically needs an Act 250 land use permit if it meets the commercial thresholds (10 acres in towns with full zoning and subdivision bylaws, 1 acre elsewhere), an operational stormwater permit from DEC once impervious surface reaches the stated thresholds, and a Public Utility Commission Section 248 certificate if it builds its own generation, storage or transmission that is not solely for on-site use. A comprehensive 2026 data center bill (H.727, 20 MW threshold) was vetoed on May 28, 2026; the sources read do not confirm it became law.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• H.727 (2026): per the Office of Legislative Counsel summary, the bill would have defined a data center as a facility using or able to use 20 MW or more, required service under a PUC-approved large load service equity contract protecting other ratepayers, required an Act 250 permit without exception, required closed-loop cooling (or an approved alternative), required all applicable water permits, and added PFAS monitoring and reporting. The Governor vetoed it on May 28, 2026, and the summary says the General Assembly could reconsider before adjournment.
• Override status: a search result reported that a House override vote on May 29, 2026 failed (83-52, 90 needed), but a VNRC release dated May 29 said the bill may return for a veto session. The sources opened do not settle whether the bill became law; treat H.727 as not enacted unless the Legislature's bill page shows otherwise.
• Search results (pages not opened) referred to S.205, a proposed pause on large AI data center construction; its status was not confirmed.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Air permitting (ANR Air Pollution Control Division registration and permit thresholds, emergency generator treatment) was not confirmed from an opened source.
• Water supply and wastewater (groundwater or surface water withdrawal permits, indirect discharge or wastewater system permits), the construction general permit trigger, and Section 401 and wetlands roles were not sourced.
• Final outcome of the H.727 veto and any 2027 follow-up bill should be checked at legislature.vermont.gov.
• Whether a data center is classed as commercial for Act 250 purposes in a given town, and the town's 1-acre or 10-acre status, must be confirmed with the district coordinator.

Checked 2026-11-05.

Washington data centers with large backup generator fleets generally need a notice of construction and order of approval for air emissions, a construction stormwater permit, a water right (or a municipal supply), and a SEPA review for most nonexempt projects. The sales tax exemption for data center servers was sharply cut back in 2026.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• S.B. 6231 (Ch. 266, Laws 2026): rolls back the data center sales and use tax exemption (refurbishment-based exemptions end July 1, 2026; replacement equipment removed), per Grant Thornton. Final enrolled text not read.
• Ecology has issued notice of construction approvals for emergency generators at Quincy data centers (CyrusOne, Sabey, H5, Microsoft), per Ecology search listings; individual orders not read.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Wastewater discharge and industrial pretreatment, 401/wetlands, and Shoreline Management Act permits not sourced.
• Local land use under the Growth Management Act (zoning, conditional use) not sourced.
• Air NOC processing times and Ecology's treatment of fleets above the exemption level not confirmed from rule text.
• Utility large-load rules at the UTC or public utility districts not confirmed.
• Exact final terms of the 2026 data center tax exemption changes not confirmed.

Checked 2026-11-05.

A new Wisconsin data center typically needs DNR construction stormwater coverage (one acre or more), DNR approval of any high capacity well (over 100,000 gallons per day), an air permit or documented exemption for backup generators, and a utility arrangement under PSC-regulated very large customer tariffs. Large projects have also gone through DNR environmental review under the Wisconsin Environmental Policy Act, as shown by the Port Washington project file. The state sales and use tax exemption is administered by WEDC with county-population-based investment minimums.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• Reported by news/search results (not opened): 2025 bills AB 722 / SB 729 would add requirements for large-scale data centers and quarterly reporting; final status unverified.
• PSC modified We Energies' very large customer tariff on April 24, 2026 (via Clean Wisconsin summary).

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Recapture/revocation terms of the tax exemption and the controlling statute text were not read.
• Alliant, Xcel and MGE large load tariff filings and the rehearing outcome on We Energies were not verified.
• Wetland permit thresholds, wastewater / WPDES discharge and pretreatment not researched.
• Local zoning, city annexation and sewer service area amendments vary by project.

Checked 2026-11-05.

West Virginia's 2025 Power Generation and Consumption Act (HB 2014) lets a data center with at least 90 MW of critical IT load seek certification as a high-impact data center, which removes county and municipal zoning, noise, lighting, land-use and building permitting and creates special state tax valuation. Environmental permits still apply: air construction permits under 45CSR13, construction stormwater coverage for sites of one acre or more, and water-use reporting at 300,000 gallons.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• HB 2014 (2025), Power Generation and Consumption Act: 90 MW critical IT load threshold, local preemption, special valuation, microgrid districts (enrolled text read; passed April 12, 2025, effective 90 days after passage).
• Reported by WTAP (August 2026): certification does not exempt a project from other environmental, health or safety laws, HB 2014 does not require water-efficient cooling, and DEP wastewater discharge limits apply to data centers as to other large industrial users.
• Reported by West Virginia Watch / news (2026): bills on data center water use (HB 4683, HB 4832, HB 5590) were introduced in the 2026 session; HB 5590 is listed as dead by a tracker and no passage of the others was found.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• PSC approval for grid service from a regulated utility outside a microgrid district was not researched.
• Air general permit terms for emergency engines, wastewater (NPDES/pretreatment) and 401 certification were not confirmed from primary pages.
• Whether a water withdrawal permit is required beyond reporting was not confirmed.

Checked 2026-11-05.

Wyoming requires a DEQ air construction permit with no de minimis exemption, a State Engineer permit before drilling a groundwater well, and construction stormwater coverage. The Industrial Siting Act applies only to facilities above an inflation-adjusted construction cost threshold (roughly $231 million per a 2022 legislative memo, reported as $290.7 million for 2026), and news reports describe an exemption for non-mineral facilities in designated industrial or business parks. Local zoning and utility arrangements still apply.

Rules and bills aimed at data centers

• Executive Order 2026-03 (Governor Gordon, signed June 3, 2026, 'Data Centers the Wyoming Way'): described by Trinity Consultants as a statement of expectations, not a new permitting program; it says state agencies will ensure incremental infrastructure costs are borne by those creating demand and does not change air rules.
• Reported by news (Cowboy State Daily, June 2026; Black Hills and Rocky Mountain Power coverage): Black Hills Energy serves large data center loads under its Large Power Contract Service tariff; a 2025 Rocky Mountain Power settlement reportedly has very large new loads share network upgrade costs. Primary tariff and order text was not opened.
• Reported by news (Cowboy State Daily, 2026): a guest column and others argue the Legislature should revisit the industrial park exemption; an interim committee has studied industrial siting impact payments.

Not confirmed or varies by locality

• Current statutory text of the Industrial Siting Act cost threshold and the industrial park exemption was not opened; figures differ between the 2022 memo and 2026 news.
• PSC approvals (utility tariffs, special contracts, transmission CPCN), wastewater and 401/wetlands, and county zoning rules were not confirmed from primary sources.
• Wyoming sales tax exemption for data centers was not researched.

Checked 2026-11-05.